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ENT Rotation

on June 10, 2024

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TEG

https://litfl.com/thromboelastogram-teg/ 1. What is a Thromboelastogram (TEG)? Q: What is a thromboelastogram (TEG)? A: A thromboelastogram (TEG) is a laboratory test that evaluates the entire lifespan of a clot, allowing for real-time assessment of blood coagulation. It provides crucial insights into a patient's coagulation status, especially in cases of bleeding or thrombotic problems. 2. Why is TEG important in trauma resuscitation? Q: Why should we be using TEG in trauma resuscitation? A: TEG provides a global assessment of blood coagulability in real-time, helping to diagnose coagulopathic bleeding and guide transfusion therapy. This is critical in managing trauma patients where prompt decisions can significantly impact outcomes. 3. How does TEG work? Q: How does a TEG machine work? A: TEG measures clot formation and dissolution by using a fixed pin that senses changes in blood viscosity as it coagulates. Blood is placed in a cup that oscillates, and the machine analyzes...

BRASH Syndrome

Question: What is BRASH syndrome, and what are its defining features? Answer: BRASH syndrome is characterized by a combination of Bradycardia, Renal failure, the use of AV node blockers (such as beta-blockers, verapamil, or diltiazem), Shock, and Hyperkalemia. This condition arises from a cycle where renal failure leads to hyperkalemia, which interacts with AV node blockers to exacerbate bradycardia and hypoperfusion, further worsening renal function. Question: How does hyperkalemia contribute to bradycardia in BRASH syndrome? Answer: Hyperkalemia can synergize with AV node blockers to induce bradycardia, even in cases where potassium levels are only mildly elevated. This contrasts with typical hyperkalemia, which usually requires more significant potassium increases to cause bradycardia. The combination of these factors leads to a disproportionate effect on heart rate and cardiac output. Question: What are the key differences between BRASH syndrome and pure hyperkalemia o...

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